Colombia - Two large mining districts produce all Columbian gemstones: Chivor and Muzo. These gemstones are famed for their legendary history as the most coveted gemstone origin. They are known for their bright, pure green color that can sometimes dip to a bluish-green.

Brazil - Stories of Colombian gemstones led explorers to Brazil and the first discovery of gemstones in the 16th century. Recent deposits from the Itabira/Nova Era belt have been shown to have lovely color and very good transparency.

Zambia - The discovery of Zambian gemstones only extends to the early 20th century, but the country has recently established a presence as producing increasing quantities of lovely gemstones with a slightly darker, bluish tone and great clarity.

Russia - Over recent years, Russian gemstone mining and production has been revolutionized and these “Ural Mountain” gemstones are known for their lighter green hues with slightly more inclusions. Russia has announced heavily increased mining endeavors through 2025, so supply should only build.

Zimbabwe - Most Zimbabwe gemstones are referred to as “Sandawana” gemstones in reference to the famed mining region. These gemstones are known for having intense color, smaller size and included. Their deep, balanced, vivid green color has become legendary in the industry.

Other Sources - Gemstones from other regions of the world have also been establishing a presence for quality and production including Afghanistan and Pakistan, Australia, and India. The gemstones from Afghanistan and Pakistan have a vibrant saturation and bright green hue. Those from Australia have ebbed and flowed in production, but have been of good quality, and gemstones from India have been around since antiquity, but are known for having a lower quality.

Early History & Techniques

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